The most popular and widely accepted quantum theory model is known as the Standard Model of particle physics. The Standard Model describes the fundamental particles and their interactions through the electromagnetic, weak, and strong nuclear forces. It has been extensively tested and validated through experiments conducted at particle accelerators, such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).
The Standard Model incorporates the principles of quantum mechanics and quantum field theory to explain the behavior and properties of elementary particles. It describes three of the four fundamental forces of nature (excluding gravity) and classifies particles into two main categories: fermions and bosons.
Fermions are the building blocks of matter and include quarks and leptons. Quarks are the constituents of protons and neutrons, while leptons include electrons and neutrinos. Bosons, on the other hand, are particles that mediate the fundamental forces. For example, photons are the bosons associated with the electromagnetic force, while the W and Z bosons are responsible for the weak nuclear force.
The Standard Model has been highly successful in explaining a wide range of phenomena observed in particle physics experiments. However, it is not a complete theory of everything since it does not include a description of gravity. The search for a more comprehensive theory, such as a quantum theory of gravity, is an active area of research in physics.
It's worth noting that while the Standard Model is the most widely accepted quantum theory model, there are also alternative models and theories, such as supersymmetry and string theory, which attempt to extend or go beyond the Standard Model in order to address some of its limitations and open questions in physics.