Modern estimations of stars and planets distances take into account the effects of space-time curvature and adjust for them as much as possible. The concept of space-time curvature arises from Einstein's theory of general relativity, which describes how mass and energy bend the fabric of space-time.
When measuring the distance to celestial objects, astronomers use various techniques that account for the effects of space-time curvature. One common method is triangulation, where the position of an object is determined by measuring the angle to it from different locations on Earth. This technique takes into account the curvature of space-time and allows astronomers to accurately determine distances.
Additionally, astronomers use other methods such as parallax, redshift, and brightness measurements to estimate distances to stars and galaxies. These methods are based on the understanding of how light behaves in curved space-time, and corrections are made to account for the effects of gravity.
While space-time curvature does influence the propagation of light, the inaccuracies caused by these effects are typically taken into account in modern distance calculations. Scientists and astronomers are aware of the complexities involved in measuring cosmic distances and employ sophisticated models and techniques to minimize errors.
That being said, estimating distances in astronomy is a challenging task, and there are inherent limitations and uncertainties in the measurements. Factors such as the accuracy of the instruments used, observational constraints, and assumptions made in the calculations can introduce some level of uncertainty. However, the scientific community continually refines these techniques and strives to improve the accuracy of distance estimations.
It's important to note that even with these uncertainties, the current estimations of stars and planets distances are considered highly reliable within the margin of error. These estimations have been validated through numerous observations and are used as the basis for a wide range of astronomical studies and calculations.