According to the principles of quantum mechanics, all matter can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior. This is known as the wave-particle duality.
The wave-particle duality suggests that particles, such as electrons, protons, and even larger objects, can exhibit wave-like properties under certain conditions. Conversely, waves, such as light or sound waves, can also exhibit particle-like behavior under certain circumstances.
The behavior of matter or energy is described by a mathematical framework called quantum mechanics, which provides a probabilistic description of physical phenomena at the atomic and subatomic levels. The wave-particle duality is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics and is supported by a wide range of experimental evidence.
For example, experiments like the double-slit experiment have shown that particles, such as electrons or photons (particles of light), can exhibit interference patterns similar to those observed for waves. This indicates that they can behave like waves. On the other hand, phenomena like the photoelectric effect demonstrate that light behaves as particles, with energy being quantized into discrete packets called photons.
It's important to note that the behavior of matter or energy as a wave or a particle depends on the experimental setup and the specific measurements being performed. In some cases, matter or energy may exhibit more pronounced wave-like behavior, while in others, it may display more particle-like characteristics. The dual nature of matter is a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics and is one of the key features that distinguishes it from classical physics.