To determine the number of atoms for each element in 0.300 moles of H3PO4 (phosphoric acid), we need to calculate the number of moles of each element present in the compound.
The formula for phosphoric acid (H3PO4) indicates that it contains 3 hydrogen atoms (H), 1 phosphorus atom (P), and 4 oxygen atoms (O).
To find the number of moles for each element, we can multiply the moles of the compound (0.300) by the respective subscripts in the formula:
Number of moles of hydrogen (H): 3 moles of H × 0.300 moles of H3PO4 = 0.900 moles of H
Number of moles of phosphorus (P): 1 mole of P × 0.300 moles of H3PO4 = 0.300 moles of P
Number of moles of oxygen (O): 4 moles of O × 0.300 moles of H3PO4 = 1.200 moles of O
Now, we can use Avogadro's number, which states that there are 6.022 × 10^23 particles (atoms, molecules, or ions) in one mole of any substance.
Number of atoms of hydrogen (H): 0.900 moles of H × 6.022 × 10^23 atoms/mole = 5.4198 × 10^23 atoms of H
Number of atoms of phosphorus (P): 0.300 moles of P × 6.022 × 10^23 atoms/mole = 1.8066 × 10^23 atoms of P
Number of atoms of oxygen (O): 1.200 moles of O × 6.022 × 10^23 atoms/mole = 7.2264 × 10^23 atoms of O
Therefore, in 0.300 moles of H3PO4, there are approximately:
- 5.4198 × 10^23 atoms of hydrogen (H)
- 1.8066 × 10^23 atoms of phosphorus (P)
- 7.2264 × 10^23 atoms of oxygen (O)