The atomic number represents the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. It is a fundamental property of an element and determines its unique identity. In a neutral atom, the atomic number also indicates the number of electrons orbiting the nucleus.
The atomic number is denoted by the symbol "Z" and is used to arrange elements in the periodic table in ascending order. Elements with the same atomic number belong to the same element and share similar chemical properties. For example, all hydrogen atoms have an atomic number of 1, while all carbon atoms have an atomic number of 6.
In summary, the atomic number is a key characteristic of an element and defines its place in the periodic table based on the number of protons in its nucleus.