No, the atomic number of an element does not directly indicate its abundance or how common it is. The atomic number simply represents the number of protons in an atom's nucleus, which determines its chemical identity and its position in the periodic table.
The abundance of elements in the universe and on Earth is determined by various factors such as stellar nucleosynthesis, nuclear reactions, and geological processes. The most abundant elements in the universe are hydrogen and helium, while on Earth, the most abundant elements are oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium. These abundances are influenced by the formation and evolution of stars, as well as the processes that occur during the Earth's formation and geological history.
It's important to note that the abundance of elements can vary depending on the context. For example, some elements may be more abundant in the Earth's crust, while others may be more prevalent in the atmosphere or oceans.