The concept of time is a fundamental aspect of our understanding of the universe, and it applies to all physical systems, including atoms. However, it is important to note that the nature of time can be influenced by various factors, such as the presence of gravitational fields or high speeds, which can cause time dilation effects according to the theory of relativity.
Inside an atom, the behavior and interactions of subatomic particles are governed by quantum mechanics. In quantum mechanics, time is treated as a parameter that allows for the evolution of quantum states and the prediction of particle behavior. The mathematics of quantum mechanics incorporates time into its equations, allowing us to make predictions about atomic and subatomic systems.
That being said, within the context of an atom, quantum effects can lead to some peculiar behaviors. For instance, electrons in an atom exist in specific energy levels or orbitals, and their behavior is described by wave functions, which are probabilistic in nature. This introduces uncertainty and indeterminism into the behavior of particles.
While time does play a role in the description and understanding of atomic and subatomic systems, the behavior of particles within these systems can be quite different from our everyday experiences. However, it is inaccurate to claim that time does not exist inside an atom. Time is an integral part of our understanding of the physical world, and it applies to all levels of existence, including atoms.