When an atom splits, a process known as nuclear fission, the amount of energy released can vary depending on the specific atom involved. The energy released during nuclear fission primarily depends on two factors: the binding energy per nucleon and the mass defect.
The binding energy per nucleon refers to the amount of energy required to keep the protons and neutrons together in the nucleus. Elements with higher binding energy per nucleon are generally more stable. During nuclear fission, when a heavy nucleus splits into two or more smaller nuclei, the resulting nuclei may have a higher binding energy per nucleon. This increase in binding energy per nucleon leads to the release of energy.
The mass defect is another important factor. The mass of an atomic nucleus is slightly less than the sum of the masses of its individual protons and neutrons. This "missing mass" is converted into energy according to Einstein's famous equation, E = mc², where E is the energy, m is the mass defect, and c is the speed of light.
Different elements have different binding energies per nucleon and mass defects, which means the energy released during nuclear fission can vary. For example, uranium-235 and plutonium-239 are commonly used in nuclear reactors and atomic bombs because they undergo fission with a relatively high release of energy.
It's worth noting that the specific conditions and processes involved in nuclear fission can also influence the energy release. Factors such as the speed and type of neutrons, as well as the presence of additional particles or energy-absorbing materials, can affect the overall energy output.
In summary, the power of energy released during nuclear fission can vary depending on the specific atom involved, particularly influenced by the binding energy per nucleon and the mass defect of the nucleus undergoing fission.