The absence of magnetic monopoles does not affect the existence of electric charges or the net charge of atoms or objects. Electric charges, which can be positive or negative, are fundamental properties of particles such as electrons and protons.
In an atom, the net charge arises from the imbalance between the positively charged protons in the atomic nucleus and the negatively charged electrons orbiting the nucleus. The protons carry a positive charge, while the electrons carry a negative charge. The number of electrons and protons in an atom is typically equal, resulting in a neutral charge overall. This is the case for most stable atoms.
However, atoms can gain or lose electrons, leading to an imbalance in the number of electrons and protons. When an atom gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged because it has more electrons than protons. Conversely, if an atom loses electrons, it becomes positively charged because it has more protons than electrons. These charged atoms are called ions.
It's important to note that electric charges are distinct from magnetic charges or monopoles. Electric charges are associated with electric fields and forces, while magnetic charges (if they existed) would be associated with magnetic fields and forces. The absence of magnetic monopoles does not affect the existence or behavior of electric charges and their role in determining the net charge of atoms or objects.