In the hydrogen atom, the position of an electron is described by its probability distribution, which is determined by its quantum state. According to the quantum mechanical model, the electron does not have a well-defined position like a classical particle but exists as a "cloud" of probability known as an orbital.
The most fundamental orbital in a hydrogen atom is called the 1s orbital, which corresponds to the lowest energy level. The 1s orbital has a spherical symmetry around the nucleus, and the probability of finding the electron at a particular location is given by the square of the wave function associated with the orbital. The wave function provides the complete description of the electron's behavior.
However, it's important to note that the electron's position cannot be precisely determined at any given moment. Instead, the wave function provides a probability distribution, indicating regions where the electron is more likely to be found. The shape and size of the probability distribution depend on the specific quantum state of the electron, characterized by quantum numbers such as the principal quantum number (n), which determines the energy level and size of the orbital.
So, in summary, the position of an electron in a hydrogen atom is described by the probability distribution defined by its wave function, which determines the likelihood of finding the electron in different regions around the nucleus.