No, a single electron or proton cannot "knock out" an atom from its orbit. The behavior of electrons within an atom is described by quantum mechanics, which is a probabilistic theory. Electrons exist in regions around the nucleus called orbitals, which represent the probability distribution of finding an electron at a particular location.
When an electron or a proton interacts with an atom, it can influence the distribution of electrons in the atom, leading to changes in the atom's energy levels. However, it typically takes multiple interactions or a significant amount of energy to completely remove an electron from its orbital or significantly alter the atom's overall structure.
For example, in ionization processes, where an atom loses or gains electrons, a significant amount of energy is required to overcome the attractive forces between the electrons and the nucleus. This energy can come from various sources such as high-energy photons or collisions with other atoms or particles.
In summary, while individual electrons or protons can interact with atoms and influence their behavior, they generally do not have enough energy or momentum to completely knock an atom out of its orbit.