In an atom, the nucleus consists of protons and neutrons, while the electrons orbit around the nucleus in specific energy levels or electron shells. Electrons do not radiate from the nucleus spontaneously.
However, electrons can be emitted or "radiated" from an atom through various processes such as radioactive decay or ionization. Let's discuss two common processes:
Radioactive Decay: Some atomic nuclei are unstable and undergo radioactive decay. During radioactive decay, the nucleus releases energy and particles, including electrons. This process can result in the emission of electrons, which are commonly known as beta particles. In beta decay, a neutron in the nucleus can convert into a proton, and an electron (beta particle) is emitted.
Ionization: When an atom undergoes ionization, it loses or gains electrons, resulting in a charged species called an ion. This process can occur through interactions with other atoms or particles, such as high-energy radiation or collisions. For example, in the process of photoionization, an atom absorbs energy from photons, and an electron is ejected from the atom.
It's important to note that while electrons can be emitted from the atom, they do not radiate outwards from the nucleus in the same way that electromagnetic radiation does. Electrons are bound to the atom by the electromagnetic force and are typically found in specific energy levels surrounding the nucleus.