If you add an extra electron to a hydrogen atom, it will result in the formation of a negatively charged hydrogen ion, also known as a hydride ion (H^-). The addition of the extra electron significantly affects the rest of the electrons and protons in the atom.
In a regular hydrogen atom, there is only one proton in the nucleus and one electron orbiting around it. The electron occupies the lowest energy level, called the ground state. When an additional electron is added to the hydrogen atom, it occupies an orbital of higher energy, typically in a different shell.
The presence of the extra electron in the atom will cause repulsion between the two negatively charged electrons. This repulsion can affect the stability of the atom and its overall energy.
The stability of an atom is determined by achieving a balanced state between attractive and repulsive forces. In the case of a hydrogen atom with an additional electron, the repulsive force between the two negatively charged electrons increases. This destabilizes the atom to some extent.
The addition of the extra electron also alters the electron configuration of the atom. Normally, hydrogen has one electron in its ground state. With the addition of another electron, the atom now has two electrons, and the electron configuration changes. The two electrons will occupy different orbitals, typically in different energy levels.
It's important to note that the stability of the atom after adding an extra electron is dependent on various factors, such as the specific energy level and orbital in which the additional electron resides. The overall stability of the atom will be influenced by the interplay of attractive and repulsive forces between the electrons and the nucleus.
In summary, adding an extra electron to a hydrogen atom forms a hydride ion (H^-). The additional electron affects the electron configuration, introduces repulsion between electrons, and alters the stability of the atom. The specific impact on stability depends on the specific energy level and orbital in which the additional electron is located.