The electron is significantly smaller than the proton. The electron is considered a fundamental particle and is thought to be point-like, meaning it has no size or structure. Its size is often approximated as zero in most practical applications.
On the other hand, the proton has a finite size. The radius of a proton is estimated to be about 0.84 femtometers (1 femtometer = 10^(-15) meters). This means that the proton has a measurable size, although it is still incredibly small on a macroscopic scale.
In comparison to the size of an atom, the nucleus, which contains protons and neutrons, is much smaller than the overall size of the atom. The electron cloud surrounding the nucleus extends much farther and contributes to the atomic size. The size of an atom can vary depending on the specific element, but it is typically on the scale of picometers (10^(-12) meters). So, the electron cloud extends much further than the nucleus within an atom.
When considering the size of a cell, which is a basic unit of life, it is significantly larger than an atom. Cells can range in size from a few micrometers (10^(-6) meters) to several tens of micrometers, depending on the type of cell. This makes cells many orders of magnitude larger than atoms and atomic particles like electrons and protons.
In summary, electrons and protons are subatomic particles, with electrons being significantly smaller than protons. Atoms consist of a nucleus (containing protons and neutrons) that is much smaller than the overall size of the atom due to the electron cloud. Cells, on the other hand, are much larger structures compared to atoms, as they are the building blocks of life.