In an atom, the space between the nucleus and the electron cloud is not a complete vacuum in the traditional sense. The electron cloud surrounding the nucleus is a region where electrons are most likely to be found, and it occupies space within the atom.
However, it's important to note that the electron cloud is not a solid or continuous structure like a physical object. Electrons are described by their wave-like properties and exist in specific energy levels or orbitals around the nucleus. These orbitals represent the probability distribution of finding an electron at a given location.
The electron cloud is influenced by the electromagnetic force between the negatively charged electrons and the positively charged nucleus. This force counteracts the concept of a vacuum, as it creates an electric field within the atom.
While the electron cloud does contain electrons, it is still predominantly empty space. The size of the electron cloud and the extent of empty space within an atom depend on the specific electron configuration and energy level of the atom. The majority of the volume of an atom is indeed empty space, with the electron cloud occupying a relatively small portion.
So, to summarize, the space between the nucleus and the electron cloud in an atom is not a complete vacuum, but rather a region where electrons are most likely to be found, characterized by their wave-like properties and probability distributions.