Yes, it is possible to split a single atom into two halves through a process called nuclear fission. Nuclear fission typically refers to the splitting of heavy atomic nuclei, such as uranium-235 or plutonium-239, into smaller fragments.
When an atom undergoes fission, a significant amount of energy is released. This energy comes from the conversion of mass into energy, as described by Einstein's famous equation, E=mc², where E represents energy, m represents mass, and c represents the speed of light.
In the case of nuclear fission, the total mass of the resulting fragments is slightly less than the mass of the original atom. This difference in mass, known as the mass defect, is converted into energy according to Einstein's equation. The energy released is in the form of kinetic energy of the fission fragments, as well as the release of gamma rays and other forms of radiation.
To harness this energy, nuclear power plants use controlled nuclear fission reactions. By inducing fission in a controlled manner, the released energy can be used to generate heat, which then produces steam to drive turbines and generate electricity.
It's worth noting that nuclear fission is a highly complex and potentially dangerous process. It requires careful handling of radioactive materials and stringent safety measures to prevent uncontrolled reactions or the release of harmful radiation.