In 1905, Albert Einstein published a total of four groundbreaking papers in the scientific journal Annalen der Physik (Annals of Physics). These papers are often referred to as the Annus Mirabilis papers (meaning "miracle year" in Latin) and were instrumental in establishing Einstein's reputation as a physicist. The four papers are:
"On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light" (March 1905): This paper proposed the idea of light quanta, now known as photons, and laid the foundation for the field of quantum mechanics.
"On the Motion of Small Particles Suspended in a Stationary Liquid, as Required by the Molecular Kinetic Theory of Heat" (May 1905): This paper provided a mathematical explanation for the random motion of particles suspended in a fluid, which later became known as Brownian motion.
"On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" (June 1905): This is the famous paper where Einstein presented his special theory of relativity, including the famous equation E=mc².
"Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?" (September 1905): In this paper, Einstein introduced the concept of mass-energy equivalence, which forms the basis of the famous equation E=mc² and led to the development of nuclear energy.
These papers revolutionized several areas of physics and had a profound impact on the scientific community, making 1905 a remarkable year for Einstein's contributions.