Liquid nitrogen has a boiling point of approximately -195.79 degrees Celsius (-320.42 degrees Fahrenheit) at atmospheric pressure. When exposed to ambient conditions, liquid nitrogen will rapidly boil and convert into gaseous nitrogen.
The temperature of the gas phase of nitrogen depends on several factors, including pressure and heat transfer mechanisms. If the pressure remains constant and heat is not added to the system, the temperature of the gaseous nitrogen will be close to its boiling point (-195.79 degrees Celsius or -320.42 degrees Fahrenheit).
However, it's important to note that the maximum temperature a gallon of liquid nitrogen can reach depends on various factors, such as heat transfer rate, insulation, and the surrounding environment. When liquid nitrogen is exposed to a warmer environment or a heat source, heat transfer occurs, and the temperature of the nitrogen gas can increase. The rate of temperature increase will depend on the specific conditions and factors involved.
Handling liquid nitrogen safely requires following proper safety procedures and guidelines to prevent burns or injuries due to extreme cold temperatures. It is important to use appropriate protective equipment and handle liquid nitrogen in well-ventilated areas.