The pollution caused by Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) refers to the emission of various gases and pollutants, not just carbon dioxide (CO2). While CO2 is a significant greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change, ICE emissions include a range of other harmful pollutants, including:
Carbon Monoxide (CO): A colorless and odorless gas formed by incomplete combustion. It is toxic and can be harmful when inhaled in high concentrations.
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): These include nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitric oxide (NO). NOx emissions contribute to the formation of smog and acid rain. They also play a role in respiratory issues and air pollution.
Particulate Matter (PM): Fine particles and soot emitted by ICE can have detrimental effects on air quality and human health. PM can be inhaled into the lungs and cause respiratory problems.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): These are emitted during the combustion process and include various organic chemicals. VOCs contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone and smog.
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2): While sulfur dioxide emissions are more prevalent in vehicles using diesel fuel, some gasoline engines can also emit SO2. SO2 is a major contributor to air pollution and can lead to respiratory issues and acid rain formation.
Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs): ICE emissions can include various hazardous air pollutants, such as benzene, formaldehyde, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These substances are toxic and have detrimental health effects.
It's important to note that advancements in emission control technologies and the use of cleaner fuels have significantly reduced the emissions of these pollutants in modern vehicles. However, older or poorly maintained vehicles can still contribute to pollution through the release of these harmful gases and particles.