To prepare a 10% solution of 98% H2SO4 in 1,000 liters, you will need to calculate the amount of concentrated sulfuric acid and the amount of diluent (water) required. Here's the step-by-step procedure:
Step 1: Determine the amount of 98% H2SO4 needed. To make a 10% solution, the amount of 98% H2SO4 should be 10% of the total volume. Therefore, the amount of H2SO4 needed can be calculated as follows:
Amount of H2SO4 = 10% of 1,000 liters = 0.10 × 1,000 liters = 100 liters
So, you will need 100 liters of 98% H2SO4.
Step 2: Calculate the amount of diluent (water) needed. The total volume of the solution is 1,000 liters, and you already have 100 liters of 98% H2SO4. Therefore, the remaining volume will be filled with water.
Amount of water = Total volume - Amount of H2SO4 = 1,000 liters - 100 liters = 900 liters
So, you will need 900 liters of water.
Step 3: Mix the calculated amounts of H2SO4 and water. Carefully add 100 liters of 98% H2SO4 to 900 liters of water while stirring continuously. Remember to follow proper safety precautions when handling concentrated sulfuric acid, as it is highly corrosive and can cause severe burns. It is recommended to add the acid to the water slowly while stirring.
Note: When diluting concentrated sulfuric acid, always add the acid to water and not the other way around. This is because the mixture can produce a significant amount of heat and splattering if water is added to concentrated sulfuric acid, which can be dangerous.
After thorough mixing, you will have a 10% solution of 98% H2SO4 in 1,000 liters, with 100 liters of concentrated sulfuric acid and 900 liters of water.