Water is the substance that exists naturally on Earth in all three classical states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid: Water can exist as ice, which is the solid state of water. At temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit), water molecules slow down and arrange themselves into a solid crystalline structure, forming ice.
Liquid: The liquid state of water is the most common and familiar form. Water remains in a liquid state at temperatures between 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit) and 100 degrees Celsius (212 degrees Fahrenheit) at standard atmospheric pressure.
Gas: Water can exist as a gas called water vapor. When water is heated above 100 degrees Celsius (212 degrees Fahrenheit), it vaporizes, becoming a gas. Water vapor is an invisible gas present in the Earth's atmosphere.
Water's ability to exist in all three states of matter is a result of its unique molecular structure and the range of temperatures and pressures found on Earth. This characteristic makes water vital for supporting life and contributes to various natural phenomena, such as the water cycle and weather patterns.