The gas commonly used in air conditioning systems is called refrigerant. Refrigerants are chemicals specifically designed for their thermodynamic properties, allowing them to absorb heat from the indoor air and release it to the outside environment, facilitating the cooling process.
Various types of refrigerants have been used over the years, with different properties and environmental impacts. In the past, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), such as R-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane), were widely used as refrigerants. However, due to their harmful effects on the ozone layer, they have been phased out and replaced by more environmentally friendly alternatives.
Currently, the most commonly used refrigerants in air conditioning systems are hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), particularly R-410A (a blend of difluoromethane and pentafluoroethane) and R-32 (difluoromethane). These refrigerants have a lower impact on the ozone layer but still contribute to global warming. As efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions continue, the industry is also exploring more sustainable refrigerant options, such as hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs).
It's important to note that handling and servicing air conditioning systems and their refrigerants should be done by trained professionals to ensure safety and prevent environmental harm.