I dont follow this topic that much, so I may not have information on the specific recommendations made by environmental groups regarding long-term options for separating tritium from water beyond that time.
However, I can provide you with some general information about tritium separation methods that have been discussed or used in the past. Please note that these may or may not align with the specific recommendations of environmental groups.
Electrolysis: Electrolysis is a process that uses an electric current to decompose water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. By selectively removing the hydrogen isotope tritium, it can be separated from water. However, this process is energy-intensive and may not be the most efficient method for large-scale tritium separation.
Isotope exchange: Isotope exchange methods involve replacing tritium in water with another isotope, typically deuterium. This can be achieved through chemical reactions, such as catalytic exchange or isotopic exchange with metal hydrides. These processes aim to selectively transfer tritium from water to another substance, allowing for separation.
Cryogenic distillation: Cryogenic distillation takes advantage of the different boiling points of hydrogen isotopes at extremely low temperatures. By cooling the water to cryogenic temperatures and then distilling it, it becomes possible to separate tritium from water. This method requires significant energy input and complex infrastructure.
Organic solvent extraction: Organic solvent extraction involves using specific organic compounds that have an affinity for tritium. By contacting the solvent with tritiated water, tritium can be transferred to the solvent phase, allowing for separation. This method has been used in some tritium handling facilities.
It's important to note that the selection of a tritium separation method depends on various factors, including the scale of the operation, safety considerations, efficiency, and cost. Different organizations or environmental groups may have their own perspectives and recommendations regarding tritium separation, which could include these methods or suggest alternative approaches.
To obtain the most up-to-date and accurate information on the specific recommendations made by environmental groups regarding long-term options for separating tritium from water, I would suggest referring to reports, publications, or statements issued by those groups or reaching out to them directly.