There are various solids that are known to be insoluble or have very low solubility in water and many other solvents. Here are a few examples of solids that are generally considered to be insoluble:
Silver chloride (AgCl): Silver chloride is a white solid that has very low solubility in water. It is often used as a test for the presence of chloride ions in a solution since the formation of a white precipitate indicates the presence of chloride ions.
Barium sulfate (BaSO4): Barium sulfate is a white crystalline solid that is practically insoluble in water. It is commonly used as a contrast agent in medical imaging, such as X-rays, because of its low solubility and good X-ray absorption properties.
Lead(II) sulfide (PbS): Lead(II) sulfide is a black solid that is insoluble in water. It is often found as a natural mineral called galena.
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3): Although calcium carbonate can undergo limited dissolution in water, its solubility is relatively low. This compound is commonly found in nature as limestone, marble, and chalk.
Insoluble metal oxides: Many metal oxides, such as iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and titanium dioxide (TiO2), have low solubility in water.
It's important to note that the solubility of a solid can vary depending on the solvent and conditions such as temperature and pressure. While a solid may be considered insoluble in one solvent, it could be soluble in another.