Hazardous substances, also known as hazardous chemicals or hazardous materials, are substances that have properties or characteristics that can cause harm to living organisms, the environment, or property. These substances may present various types of hazards, such as health hazards, physical hazards, or environmental hazards. They can be found in many different forms, including solids, liquids, gases, or even mixtures.
Here are some common types of hazardous substances and their associated hazards:
Toxic Substances: These substances can cause harm or death when they are inhaled, ingested, or come into contact with the skin. Examples include certain chemicals, pesticides, heavy metals, and some solvents.
Flammable Substances: These substances have the potential to catch fire easily when exposed to a spark, flame, or heat source. Gasoline, propane, and certain solvents are examples of flammable substances.
Corrosive Substances: Corrosive substances have the ability to cause damage to materials they come into contact with, including living tissue. Strong acids and bases, such as sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide, fall into this category.
Reactive Substances: Reactive substances can undergo vigorous chemical reactions, sometimes with explosive results, when they come into contact with other substances or conditions. Examples include certain oxidizers, explosives, and reactive metals like sodium or potassium.
Carcinogens: Carcinogenic substances have the potential to cause cancer in living organisms. These can include various chemicals, such as asbestos, benzene, and certain pesticides.
Radioactive Materials: Radioactive substances emit radiation, which can be harmful to living organisms. Examples include uranium, plutonium, and radioactive isotopes used in medical applications.
It's important to note that the classification and regulation of hazardous substances vary across countries and regions. Many jurisdictions have specific regulations and guidelines in place to manage the handling, storage, transportation, and disposal of hazardous substances to minimize the risks they pose to human health and the environment.