In lithium flotation, several reagents are commonly used to selectively separate lithium-bearing minerals from other gangue minerals. The main reagents used in lithium flotation and their roles include:
Collectors: Collectors are organic compounds that selectively bind to the surface of lithium-bearing minerals, making them hydrophobic (water-repellent). This promotes their attachment to air bubbles during the flotation process. Common collectors used in lithium flotation include fatty acids (e.g., oleic acid) and their derivatives. The collectors help in the adsorption of lithium minerals onto air bubbles.
Frothers: Frothers are surface-active agents that stabilize the air bubbles generated during the flotation process. They reduce the surface tension of the water and create a stable froth layer on top of the flotation cell. This froth layer carries the lithium-bearing minerals to the surface for recovery. Common frothers used in lithium flotation include alcohols and glycols.
Modifiers: Modifiers are reagents that are added to adjust the pH and chemical conditions of the flotation system. They help control the selectivity and efficiency of the flotation process. In lithium flotation, modifiers are used to optimize the pH of the slurry to enhance the floatability of lithium minerals while suppressing the floatability of unwanted gangue minerals. Common modifiers include pH regulators (e.g., sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide) and depressants (e.g., sodium silicate) that selectively inhibit the flotation of certain minerals.
Activators: Activators are reagents that improve the floatability of specific minerals. In the context of lithium flotation, activators can be used to enhance the flotation of lithium minerals, especially if their floatability is naturally low. Sodium carbonate and sodium sulfate are commonly used as activators in lithium flotation.
It's important to note that the specific reagents and their concentrations can vary depending on the ore characteristics, desired lithium mineral, and the flotation process employed. Additionally, ongoing research and development in the field may lead to the introduction of new reagents or modifications to the existing ones to improve the efficiency and selectivity of lithium flotation.