A binary compound is a chemical compound composed of two different elements. These elements can be either metals or non-metals. The elements combine chemically to form a new substance with its own unique properties. Binary compounds are named using a system called chemical nomenclature, which involves combining the names of the elements and modifying them with prefixes or suffixes to indicate the number and ratio of atoms present.
There are two types of binary compounds:
Binary ionic compounds: These compounds are formed when a metal combines with a non-metal. The metal donates electrons to the non-metal, resulting in the formation of positively charged metal ions and negatively charged non-metal ions. Examples include sodium chloride (NaCl), calcium oxide (CaO), and aluminum sulfide (Al2S3).
Binary covalent compounds: These compounds are formed when two non-metals combine by sharing electrons. Both elements contribute to the electron sharing, resulting in the formation of a stable molecular structure. Examples include carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and methane (CH4).
In both types of binary compounds, the elements combine in a specific ratio determined by their valence (electronic configuration) to achieve a stable arrangement of atoms.