In laboratory settings, several common acids and bases are used for various purposes. Here are some examples:
Common Acids:
- Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
- Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
- Nitric acid (HNO3)
- Acetic acid (CH3COOH)
- Phosphoric acid (H3PO4)
- Hydrofluoric acid (HF)
- Citric acid (C6H8O7)
- Hydrobromic acid (HBr)
- Hydroiodic acid (HI)
- Formic acid (HCOOH)
Common Bases:
- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
- Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
- Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH)
- Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)
- Barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2)
- Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2)
- Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)
- Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
- Potassium carbonate (K2CO3)
- Ammonia (NH3)
These acids and bases are widely used for pH adjustment, titrations, chemical reactions, synthesis, and various analytical procedures in laboratories across different scientific disciplines. It's important to handle these substances with caution and follow appropriate safety protocols when working with them.