Converting propanol into ethane involves a reduction reaction to remove an oxygen atom and convert the alcohol functional group (-OH) to a hydrogen atom. Here's a general method using a reducing agent called sodium borohydride (NaBH4):
Set up a reaction vessel: Prepare a suitable reaction vessel, such as a round-bottom flask, equipped with a condenser and a stir bar.
Add propanol: Measure and add the desired amount of propanol (1-propanol or 2-propanol) to the reaction vessel.
Prepare the reducing agent: Dissolve sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in a separate flask containing a small amount of water or methanol. Stir gently until the NaBH4 is completely dissolved.
Add the reducing agent: Slowly add the NaBH4 solution to the reaction vessel containing propanol while stirring continuously. The reaction mixture should be kept under a controlled temperature, typically at room temperature or slightly below.
Allow the reaction to proceed: Let the reaction mixture stir for an appropriate amount of time, which can vary depending on the reaction conditions. It may take several hours for the reaction to complete.
Quench the reaction: After the desired reaction time has elapsed, quench the reaction by carefully adding a small amount of water or a dilute acid (e.g., hydrochloric acid) to the reaction mixture. This step helps neutralize any remaining excess reducing agent.
Product separation: Once the reaction is complete, you will have a mixture containing ethane and other byproducts. Ethane is a gas at room temperature and can be separated from the reaction mixture by distillation or other suitable methods.
It's important to note that converting propanol to ethane using this method is not a practical or economical route for large-scale production. This process is more commonly used for educational purposes or in laboratory settings to demonstrate reduction reactions.