Magnesium powder reacts with both strong and weak acids to produce magnesium ions (Mg²⁺) in solution. However, the extent of the reaction and the concentration of magnesium ions may differ depending on the strength of the acid.
In the case of a strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl), the reaction between magnesium powder and the acid is more vigorous and complete. The strong acid fully dissociates in water, producing a high concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺). These hydrogen ions react with magnesium metal, displacing hydrogen atoms and forming magnesium ions:
Mg(s) + 2H⁺(aq) → Mg²⁺(aq) + H₂(g)
Since the strong acid provides a plentiful supply of hydrogen ions, the reaction proceeds to completion, and a higher concentration of magnesium ions is generated in solution.
In contrast, with a weak acid, such as acetic acid (CH₃COOH), the reaction with magnesium powder is less vigorous and less complete. Weak acids only partially dissociate in water, producing a smaller concentration of hydrogen ions. Therefore, the availability of hydrogen ions is limited, and the reaction between magnesium powder and the weak acid may be slower and less extensive.
Overall, the primary difference lies in the concentration of magnesium ions in solution. A reaction with a strong acid yields a higher concentration of magnesium ions due to the complete dissociation of the acid, while a weak acid generates a lower concentration of magnesium ions due to its partial dissociation.