There are several reasons why most vehicles have not been converted to run on hydrogen. Here are some of the key factors:
Infrastructure: One of the major challenges is the lack of hydrogen infrastructure. Hydrogen refueling stations are not as widespread as gasoline or diesel stations, which makes it inconvenient for consumers to refuel their hydrogen-powered vehicles. Building a comprehensive hydrogen infrastructure requires significant investment and time.
Cost: The production, transportation, and storage of hydrogen can be expensive. Current methods of producing hydrogen, such as steam methane reforming, require natural gas and release carbon dioxide as a byproduct. Alternative methods, such as electrolysis using renewable energy sources, are more environmentally friendly but currently more expensive. The cost of building and maintaining hydrogen fueling stations is also high.
Energy efficiency: The overall efficiency of hydrogen as an energy carrier is lower compared to other alternatives, such as batteries used in electric vehicles. The process of converting energy sources (such as natural gas or electricity) into hydrogen, transporting hydrogen, and converting it back to usable energy in fuel cells or internal combustion engines involves energy losses at each step. This lower efficiency affects the overall range and performance of hydrogen-powered vehicles.
Safety concerns: Hydrogen has some safety concerns associated with it. It is a highly flammable gas, and special precautions need to be taken for its storage, transportation, and handling. While safety measures can be implemented to mitigate risks, addressing public perception and ensuring the safe use of hydrogen can be a challenge.
Limited vehicle options: Currently, the availability of commercially viable hydrogen-powered vehicles is limited compared to conventional gasoline or electric vehicles. The lack of variety and choice in the market can discourage consumers from adopting hydrogen-powered vehicles.
Despite these challenges, hydrogen technology continues to be developed and improved. Some industries, such as commercial transportation and certain niche applications, are exploring hydrogen as a viable option. Ongoing advancements in hydrogen production methods, infrastructure development, and vehicle technology may contribute to increased adoption in the future.