In a calcium carbide (CaC2) molecule, there are a total of two sigma (σ) bonds and two pi (π) bonds. Let's break it down:
Each sigma (σ) bond is formed by the overlap of two atomic orbitals, typically one from each bonding atom. In CaC2, there is a sigma bond between the carbon (C) atom and one of the calcium (Ca) atoms, as well as a sigma bond between the other carbon atom and the other calcium atom. Therefore, we have two sigma bonds.
Each pi (π) bond is formed by the sideways overlap of two parallel p-orbitals. In CaC2, there is a triple bond between the two carbon atoms (C≡C). This triple bond consists of one sigma bond and two pi bonds. So, we have two pi bonds.
To summarize:
- CaC2 has 2 sigma (σ) bonds.
- CaC2 has 2 pi (π) bonds.
It's worth noting that the triple bond between the carbon atoms is composed of one sigma bond and two pi bonds, resulting in a total of three shared electron pairs (six shared electrons).