Quantum mechanics can be more difficult to understand than classical mechanics for laypeople due to several reasons:
Counterintuitive nature: Quantum mechanics introduces concepts that are often counterintuitive and challenge our everyday understanding of how the world works. For example, particles can exist in multiple states simultaneously (superposition), and their properties are described by probabilities rather than definite values.
Mathematical formalism: Quantum mechanics relies heavily on mathematical equations and formalism, such as wave functions, operators, and complex numbers. Understanding and working with these mathematical tools can be challenging for individuals without a strong mathematical background.
Lack of direct visualization: Classical mechanics often allows for visualizing physical phenomena, such as the motion of objects, using familiar concepts like forces, velocities, and trajectories. In contrast, quantum mechanics deals with microscopic particles and phenomena that are not directly observable or easily visualized in the same way.
Wave-particle duality: Quantum mechanics introduces the concept of wave-particle duality, where particles exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties. This dual nature can be difficult to grasp, as it requires accepting that particles can exhibit behaviors that seem contradictory in classical terms.
Measurement problem: The act of measurement in quantum mechanics has unique characteristics. The outcome of a measurement is probabilistic, and the act of measuring a quantum system can affect its state. This measurement problem introduces philosophical and interpretational challenges that can be hard to reconcile with our classical intuitions.
Overall, quantum mechanics challenges our classical worldview and requires a shift in thinking towards probabilistic descriptions, abstract mathematical formalism, and non-intuitive concepts. It often requires a deep dive into the underlying mathematics and a willingness to accept the limitations of classical intuitions when describing the behavior of microscopic particles.