The relationship between mass and velocity is described by the principle of momentum, which states that the momentum of an object is equal to the product of its mass and velocity. Mathematically, momentum (p) is given by:
p = m * v
where: p represents momentum, m represents mass, and v represents velocity.
In this equation, mass and velocity are directly proportional to momentum. If either the mass or velocity of an object changes, its momentum will also change accordingly. When an object is at rest (velocity equals zero), its momentum is zero regardless of its mass. As the velocity increases, the momentum increases as well, assuming the mass remains constant. Similarly, if two objects have the same velocity, the one with a larger mass will have greater momentum.