According to Newton's second law of motion, the relationship between force (F), mass (m), and acceleration (a) in Newtonian mechanics can be described by the equation:
F = m * a
This equation states that the force acting on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration. In other words, the force exerted on an object is directly proportional to both its mass and the acceleration it experiences.
This equation implies that if the mass of an object remains constant, a larger force will result in a greater acceleration. Similarly, if the force acting on an object remains constant, an object with a larger mass will experience a smaller acceleration compared to an object with a smaller mass.
It's important to note that this relationship holds true as long as the mass remains constant, and the forces involved are in the range where Newtonian mechanics accurately describes the system. In situations involving very high speeds or extremely massive objects, relativistic effects or gravitational interactions become important, respectively, and require different equations to describe the relationship between force and mass.