If an object larger than the size of a black hole were to approach it, the outcome would depend on several factors, including the mass and velocity of the approaching object, as well as the specific properties of the black hole.
In general, when an object interacts with a black hole, several scenarios can occur:
Collision: If the approaching object has enough kinetic energy and momentum, it may collide with the black hole. The outcome of the collision would depend on the specifics of the interaction. If the object has sufficient velocity, it could potentially disrupt the black hole's structure or result in the ejection of matter or energy.
Tidal Forces: As the object gets closer to the black hole, it will experience increasingly strong tidal forces. These forces arise due to the gravitational gradient across the object. If the tidal forces exceed the object's internal cohesive forces, it may undergo significant deformation or even be torn apart, resulting in a process known as spaghettification. The matter from the object would then be stretched into long, thin streams and eventually accreted onto the black hole.
Capture: If the object's trajectory brings it within the black hole's event horizon, the object will become gravitationally bound to the black hole. Once inside the event horizon, it is extremely unlikely for any information or matter from the object to be able to escape. The object would eventually merge with the black hole and contribute to its mass and properties.
It's important to note that the size of a black hole, specifically its event horizon, is determined by its mass. The concept of "size" becomes less relevant as we approach the singularity at the black hole's core, where conventional physics breaks down.
The behavior of an object approaching a black hole is a complex and mathematically challenging problem that requires a detailed understanding of general relativity and the specific parameters involved.