The concept of time having more than one dimension is an interesting idea, but it is not a widely accepted or mainstream viewpoint in physics. In the current scientific framework, time is considered to be a one-dimensional quantity, distinct from the three spatial dimensions.
The phenomena you mentioned, such as time dilation, are indeed fascinating and can be quite counterintuitive. Time dilation occurs due to the effects of relative motion or gravitational fields on the flow of time. These effects have been confirmed by numerous experiments and are well-described by established theories like special relativity and general relativity.
While these theories account for the observed behavior of time, they do not require the existence of additional time dimensions to explain these phenomena. Instead, they provide a framework to understand how time can be influenced by factors like velocity and gravity.
It's worth noting that speculative ideas exploring multidimensional time or alternative theories of time have been proposed in some areas of theoretical physics and philosophy. However, these ideas generally fall outside the mainstream and have not garnered widespread support or experimental validation.
The nature of time and its relationship to other fundamental aspects of the universe is still an active area of research and investigation, and our understanding may continue to evolve as scientists explore these complex concepts further.