Light and electromagnetic waves are waves in the electromagnetic field. They do not require a medium to propagate, unlike mechanical waves such as sound waves, which require a material medium like air, water, or solids to travel through.
The electromagnetic field consists of electric and magnetic components that oscillate and interact with each other as the wave propagates. These oscillating electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. This characteristic of electromagnetic waves is known as transverse waves.
In empty space (a vacuum), electromagnetic waves, including light, can still propagate because the electromagnetic field exists everywhere. When it comes to light specifically, it is a form of electromagnetic radiation that falls within a particular range of frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye.
To summarize, light waves and electromagnetic waves are fluctuations in the electromagnetic field and do not require a medium to propagate. They can travel through a vacuum or any other transparent medium, such as air or glass, with varying degrees of absorption or scattering depending on the properties of the medium.