Electromagnetic fields and particles are intimately connected through the framework of quantum field theory. In this framework, particles and fields are considered two complementary aspects of the same underlying reality.
According to quantum field theory, every type of particle is associated with a corresponding field that permeates space. For example, the electron is associated with the electron field, and the photon (the particle of light) is associated with the electromagnetic field. These fields are not static entities but rather dynamic and fluctuating entities that extend throughout space and time.
Electromagnetic fields can be understood as the result of the interactions between charged particles. When charged particles, such as electrons, move or accelerate, they generate a disturbance in the electromagnetic field, creating an electromagnetic wave or a localized electromagnetic field. These disturbances, or excitations, are what we perceive as electromagnetic radiation.
Furthermore, the interaction between particles and electromagnetic fields is described by the theory of quantum electrodynamics (QED). QED provides a comprehensive framework to understand how charged particles interact with the electromagnetic field and how photons (quantized excitations of the electromagnetic field) mediate these interactions.
In summary, electromagnetic fields and particles are interconnected in quantum field theory. Electromagnetic fields can be considered as excitations or disturbances in the fundamental electromagnetic interactions between charged particles, and the theory of quantum electrodynamics describes the dynamics of these interactions.