Electromagnetic waves, including photons, transfer energy from a transmitting antenna to a receiving antenna through the process of electromagnetic radiation. This transfer of energy occurs due to the oscillating electric and magnetic fields associated with the wave.
When an alternating current flows through the transmitting antenna, it creates oscillating electric charges, which in turn generate oscillating electric and magnetic fields around the antenna. These fields form an electromagnetic wave that propagates outward into space.
As the electromagnetic wave travels through space, it consists of electric and magnetic field components that oscillate perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. These oscillating fields carry energy with them.
When the electromagnetic wave reaches the receiving antenna, its oscillating electric and magnetic fields interact with the conductive elements of the antenna. This interaction induces an alternating current in the receiving antenna, corresponding to the oscillations of the wave.
The induced alternating current in the receiving antenna carries the energy of the electromagnetic wave. This current can then be processed and utilized in the receiving system for various purposes, such as communication, power generation, or detection of signals.
In summary, the energy transfer from the transmitting antenna to the receiving antenna occurs through the propagation of electromagnetic waves. The oscillating electric and magnetic fields associated with the wave interact with the receiving antenna, inducing an alternating current that carries the energy of the wave to the receiving system.