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Since nitrogen and oxygen are transparent to infrared radiation, how do electric heaters warm the air? Do they only warm select gasses (e.g. water vapor) while the rest indirectly warm through conduction? Would the heater stop working in pure N2?

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Electric heaters primarily warm the air through convection and radiation, rather than relying on the absorption of infrared radiation by nitrogen and oxygen molecules.

When an electric heater is turned on, it typically contains a heating element, such as a metal coil, that becomes hot when an electric current passes through it. This heating element emits thermal radiation in the form of infrared radiation. While nitrogen and oxygen are transparent to infrared radiation, other components in the air,

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