Radiotherapy, also known as radiation therapy, uses ionizing radiation to treat cancer. In the context of cancer treatment, the electromagnetic waves used in radiotherapy are X-rays and gamma rays.
X-rays and gamma rays are both high-energy forms of electromagnetic radiation. They have shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies compared to radio waves. X-rays are typically generated using X-ray machines, while gamma rays are emitted by radioactive materials or produced artificially using specialized equipment.
During radiotherapy, X-rays or gamma rays are directed at the tumor site to deliver a controlled dose of radiation. These high-energy waves penetrate the body and interact with the cancer cells, damaging their DNA and inhibiting their ability to divide and grow. The goal is to kill or shrink the tumor while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues.
Radiotherapy is a complex medical procedure that requires careful planning and precise delivery of radiation. Various techniques, such as external beam radiation therapy, brachytherapy, and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), may be employed to target the tumor and spare nearby healthy tissues as much as possible.
It's important to note that radiotherapy is typically administered by trained medical professionals in specialized facilities. The specific approach and dosage depend on factors such as the type and stage of cancer, the location of the tumor, and the patient's overall health.