The shape of the land, specifically its topography and orientation, can have an impact on the amount of solar radiation received in different areas. Here are some factors related to land shape that influence solar radiation distribution:
Elevation: Higher elevations generally receive more solar radiation than lower-lying areas. This is because as the sun's rays pass through the atmosphere, they encounter less air mass at higher altitudes, resulting in less scattering and absorption of the sunlight.
Slope and aspect: The slope and aspect of the land affect the angle at which sunlight strikes the surface. A south-facing slope or surface receives more sunlight throughout the day in the Northern Hemisphere, while a north-facing slope receives less direct sunlight. The steeper the slope, the more pronounced the difference in solar radiation between the top and bottom.
Shadows and obstruction: Land features such as hills, mountains, buildings, and vegetation can cast shadows and obstruct sunlight. These shadows create variations in solar radiation across the landscape, with areas in the shadow receiving less direct sunlight.
Latitude: The latitude of a location affects the angle at which sunlight reaches the surface. Near the equator, where the sun is more directly overhead, solar radiation is generally more intense. As you move closer to the poles, the sun's rays become more oblique, resulting in lower solar radiation intensity.
Coastal influence: Proximity to coastlines can also impact solar radiation. Coastal regions often receive additional solar energy due to the reflection and scattering of sunlight by water bodies, which can enhance the amount of solar radiation received compared to inland areas.
It's important to note that these factors interact with each other and with other meteorological and climatic factors, such as cloud cover and atmospheric conditions, which further influence the distribution of solar radiation. Additionally, the local climate and weather patterns play a significant role in determining the overall solar radiation received in a particular area.