The distance that 5G radiation can travel depends on various factors, including the frequency band being used, the power of the transmitting equipment, and the surrounding environment. Generally, higher frequency bands used in 5G networks have shorter wavelengths and exhibit more limited propagation characteristics compared to lower frequency bands.
In general, the higher frequency bands used in 5G, such as mmWave (millimeter wave) frequencies, have shorter range but can offer higher data transfer rates. mmWave signals have limited penetration capabilities and are easily obstructed by obstacles like buildings and foliage. As a result, the coverage area of mmWave 5G cells is relatively small, typically in the range of a few hundred meters to a few kilometers.
On the other hand, lower frequency bands used in 5G, such as mid-band and low-band frequencies, have longer wavelengths and exhibit better propagation characteristics. These lower frequency signals can travel farther and penetrate obstacles more effectively, resulting in larger coverage areas. Mid-band frequencies, such as the 3.5 GHz band, can provide coverage of several kilometers from a single base station. Low-band frequencies, such as the 600 MHz band, can propagate even farther, with coverage ranges potentially exceeding several kilometers.
It's important to note that the deployment of 5G networks involves the use of a combination of frequency bands, including both higher and lower frequency bands, to achieve a balance between coverage and capacity. Network operators plan their deployments based on factors such as population density, terrain, and available infrastructure.
In summary, the distance that 5G radiation can travel varies depending on the frequency band used, with higher frequency bands having shorter range and lower frequency bands having longer range. The deployment strategy and environmental factors also influence the coverage area of 5G networks.