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Electromagnetic energy harvesting, also known as energy harvesting or energy scavenging, involves capturing and converting electromagnetic energy from the environment into usable electrical energy. This process typically involves using specialized devices called energy harvesters or rectennas.
Here are the general steps involved in electromagnetic energy harvesting:
Identifying a suitable electromagnetic energy source: Electromagnetic energy can be harvested from various sources, such as radio waves, microwaves, or ambient electromagnetic fields.
Selecting the appropriate harvester: The choice of energy harvester depends on the specific application and the characteristics of the electromagnetic energy source. Some common types of harvesters include antennas, coils, or rectennas (rectifying antennas).
Capturing electromagnetic energy: The energy harvester is designed to capture and absorb the electromagnetic waves or fields. Antennas and coils are commonly used to capture the energy, while rectennas combine capturing and rectification in a single device.
Converting the captured energy: The captured electromagnetic energy is then converted into usable electrical energy. This conversion process typically involves rectification, where alternating current (AC) is converted into direct current (DC). This can be achieved using diodes or rectifying circuits in the case of rectennas.
Energy storage and utilization: The converted electrical energy can be stored in batteries, supercapacitors, or other energy storage devices for later use. It can also be directly utilized to power low-power electronic devices or integrated into larger power systems.
Electromagnetic energy harvesting has the potential to be used in various applications, such as wireless sensor networks, remote monitoring systems, or wearable devices. It offers the advantage of providing a sustainable and independent power source, reducing the need for frequent battery replacements or reliance on grid power.
It's important to consider factors such as the energy source characteristics, efficiency of the energy harvester, and power requirements of the target application when implementing electromagnetic energy harvesting systems.