Electromagnetic (EM) waves can induce changes in magnetic domains under certain conditions. The interaction between EM waves and magnetic materials depends on the frequency of the EM wave and the properties of the material.
In general, low-frequency electromagnetic waves, such as radio waves and microwaves, are not typically effective in directly aligning magnetic domains in most materials. These waves do not carry enough energy to cause significant changes in the magnetic alignment of domains.
However, high-frequency EM waves, such as those in the range of visible light, ultraviolet, and X-rays, can have more pronounced effects on magnetic materials. In these cases, the energy carried by the EM wave can be sufficient to cause excitations or disturbances in the magnetic domains, leading to changes in their alignment.
Specific techniques such as magneto-optical effects, where the interaction between light and magnetic materials is utilized, can be used to manipulate magnetic domains. For example, by exploiting the Faraday or Kerr effect, it is possible to induce changes in the magnetization of a material by applying polarized light or intense laser beams.
It's important to note that the detailed interactions between EM waves and magnetic domains are complex and can vary depending on the specific materials and experimental conditions involved.