In physics, light waves are a form of electromagnetic radiation that consists of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. The properties of light waves can be described by several characteristics, including frequency and amplitude.
Frequency refers to the number of complete oscillations or cycles that the wave undergoes per unit of time, typically measured in hertz (Hz). It determines the color or energy of the light wave, with higher frequencies corresponding to higher energy photons.
Amplitude, on the other hand, represents the maximum displacement or height of the wave from its equilibrium position. In simpler terms, it measures the "strength" or "intensity" of the wave. In the context of light waves, the amplitude determines the brightness or intensity of the light.
So, when comparing light waves with the same frequency but different amplitudes, the main difference lies in their brightness or intensity. A light wave with a higher amplitude will have a greater maximum displacement from its equilibrium position and, consequently, a higher intensity or brightness. Conversely, a light wave with a lower amplitude will have a smaller maximum displacement and a lower intensity.
To illustrate this concept, imagine two light waves with the same frequency, such as two waves of red light. If one wave has a larger amplitude, it will appear brighter or more intense compared to the other wave, which has a smaller amplitude. However, they will both have the same color or frequency because frequency determines the color of light, while amplitude determines its brightness.