In free oscillation, where no external forces are acting on the oscillating body, the amplitude, frequency, and energy of the oscillations remain constant over time.
Amplitude: The amplitude refers to the maximum displacement of the oscillating body from its equilibrium position. In free oscillation, assuming no damping or energy losses, the amplitude remains constant. The oscillating body will continue to swing back and forth with the same maximum displacement throughout the oscillation.
Frequency: The frequency of the oscillation is determined by the inherent characteristics of the system, such as the mass, stiffness, and geometry. In free oscillation, the frequency also remains constant. The oscillating body will continue to complete the same number of cycles or oscillations per unit of time without any change.
Energy: In an idealized scenario of free oscillation without any external damping or energy losses, the total mechanical energy of the oscillating body remains constant. The energy is continuously exchanged between potential energy and kinetic energy as the body oscillates back and forth. At any point during the oscillation, the sum of the potential energy and kinetic energy remains constant.
It's important to note that in real-world systems, there are often factors like air resistance or friction that can cause energy losses over time, resulting in a decrease in amplitude and frequency. However, in the context of idealized free oscillation without such influences, the amplitude, frequency, and energy of the oscillating body remain constant.