When the amplitude of a simple harmonic motion (SHM) is increased, several changes occur in its characteristics, including the amplitude itself, period, and frequency. Let's examine each of these changes:
Amplitude: Increasing the amplitude of SHM results in a larger maximum displacement from the equilibrium position. In other words, the oscillating object or system will move to a greater extent in both directions from the equilibrium position. This increase in amplitude is directly proportional to the displacement of the oscillating object.
Period: The period of SHM refers to the time taken for one complete cycle of oscillation. When the amplitude is increased, the period remains unchanged. The time it takes for the oscillating object to move from one extreme position to the other extreme position and back to the starting point remains the same. The period is solely determined by the properties of the system, such as the mass, spring constant, or pendulum length, and is independent of the amplitude.
Frequency: The frequency of SHM represents the number of complete oscillations or cycles that occur in one second. As the amplitude increases, the frequency remains constant as well. The frequency is inversely proportional to the period, and since the period remains unchanged with an increased amplitude, the frequency remains the same.
It's important to note that the above statements hold true under the assumption that the system is linear and the amplitude is within a certain range. In practical scenarios, there may be nonlinear effects or limitations that can cause deviations from these ideal characteristics.