In the context of an AC (alternating current) signal, the following terms are commonly used:
Cycle: A cycle refers to a complete sequence of positive and negative values of an AC waveform. It includes one complete oscillation from its maximum positive value, through zero, to its maximum negative value, and back to zero. A cycle is often represented as a wave completing one full wavelength.
Frequency: Frequency represents the number of cycles of an AC waveform that occur in one second. It is typically measured in hertz (Hz). Mathematically, frequency (f) is the reciprocal of the time period (T), which is the time taken to complete one cycle. The unit hertz corresponds to cycles per second, so a frequency of 50 Hz means there are 50 cycles occurring in one second.
Amplitude: Amplitude refers to the maximum value or magnitude reached by an AC waveform during one cycle. It represents the peak value of the waveform and is typically measured from the zero reference point to the maximum positive or negative value. Amplitude determines the height or strength of the waveform.
Time period: Time period represents the duration required for one complete cycle of an AC waveform. It is the reciprocal of the frequency. Time period (T) is measured in seconds and can be calculated by dividing 1 by the frequency (T = 1/f). It indicates the time taken for the waveform to repeat its pattern.
To summarize:
- Cycle: One complete sequence of positive and negative values in an AC waveform.
- Frequency: The number of cycles that occur in one second, measured in hertz (Hz).
- Amplitude: The maximum value or magnitude reached by an AC waveform during one cycle.
- Time period: The duration required for one complete cycle, reciprocal of the frequency, measured in seconds.